Important Shortcuts For Linux Beginners

Learning these shortcuts can make it very easy for beginners to learn Linux further.  

 Wednesday, August 21, 2013:  When working on Linux, there are some commands, which can make your life a lot simpler. Without them, life can be just as difficult

Ctrl + Alt + F1

You would already know that Linux can support various terminals. This command helps you move to the first terminal from wherever you are.

Ctrl + Alt + Fn (n=1..6)

In the standard setup, Linux can support a total of 6 terminals. This command lets you move to the terminal of your choice.

tty
This command is used to print the name of the terminal that you are currently using.

Ctrl + Alt + F7
This command is used to move to the graphical user interface terminal.

Ctrl + Alt + Fn (n=7..12)
This command helps the user go to the desired graphical user interface terminal. As a default setup, these terminals aren’t running anything, but one can use them to run a different server.

Tab
When you’re using a text terminal, you can use this command to autocomplete a command. If there is only one option, then the command is completed automatically, else it shows all the options that are available.

ArrowUp
This is used to scroll up and edit the command history. You need to press enter in order to execute this.

Shift + PgUp
This one scrolls the terminal output upwards. It also works on the login prompt, thereby allowing the user to scroll through whatever messages there are during bootup.

Shift + PgDown
Same as above, just scroll downwards.

Ctrl + Alt + +
In the X-windows system, this command is used to change the resolution of the next X-server, if it has been set to multiple resolutions.

Ctrl + Alt + -
This is the opposite of the above command. You use this to change to the previousX-server resolution.

Ctrl + Alt + BkSpc
In the event that the X-windows server that you were using has crashed and there is no way to exit it, this command helps you kill the said X-windows server in such a situation.

Ctrl + Alt + Del
When you’re at the text-mode console, this is the normal shut down command. It shuts the system down and reboots it.

Ctrl + c
This command shuts down the process that is currently running.

Ctrl + d
This command is used in order to logout from the terminal that you are on.

Ctrl + d
This command sends the [End-of-file] to the process that is running. Pressing it twice makes you log out of the system as well.

Ctrl + s
You use this command if you want to stop a transfer to a terminal.

Ctrl + q
If the terminal you’re working on stops responding then this command can help resume the transfer to the said terminal.

Ctrl + z
This command is used to shift the process that is currently running to the background.

exit
This is an alternate command for ‘logout’. It is used to log out of the system.

reset
This command is used to restore to default setting, a terminal that is screwed up. This means that it is displaying odd characters. The command is sometimes invisible when you’re typing it.

MiddleMouseButton
This is how you carry out the copy-paste function in Linux. The command is used best when you have a Linux-enabled three button mouse.

~(tilde)
This command takes you back to the home directory.

. (dot)
This command is for the current directory. A command such as ./the_program is going to try and run the file the_program.

.. (two dots)
This command changes the current directory into the parent directory.

Source: UnixGuide

Prasid Banerjee, EFYTIMES News Network 

Fonte: Important Shortcuts For Linux Beginners